Development Of Attachment Of The Learning And Evolutionary...

I will be evaluating the development of attachment of the learning and evolutionary theories. I will also be looking at different view points regarding the impact of early experience on later life. The first theory I will be looking at is the learning theory. The learning theory is also called behaviourism, which says all of our behaviour is learnt because â€Å"when born our mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate).† (McLeod, 2007). The behaviourist theory of attachment was proposed by Dollard Miller in 1950, who suggests that attachment is a set of learned behaviours linked to provision of food, and an infant will initially form an attachment to whoever feeds it as mentioned by Mcleod (2009). The way the infant is learning to associate to food and the person feeding them is through classical conditioning (CC) or operant conditioning (OC). I will focus on using CC to show how attachment is formed. CC was founded by Ivan Pavlov and his research on dogs. However, in 1920 Watson and Raynor conducted a study on ‘ Little Albert’ . what they did was give him a phobia of anything white and fluffy using CC as mentioned in Gross (2010,p162). How an infants would form attachment using this idea is food would be the unconditioned stimulus (US) and happiness would be the unconditioned response (UR).The US paired with the mother which is the conditioned response (CR) would causes a conditioned stimulus (CS) which is happiness. Harry Harlow (1958) conducted a study wanting to proveShow MoreRelatedBowlby s Theory Of Attachment1255 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment refers to an affectional bond; a bond which is exclusive to an individual and cannot be exchanged to another. A particularly important bond is the emotional one between an infant and its primary care giver. When it comes to attachment it is often said that it is either down to nature or nurture. Nature is the belief that it is genetic based whilst nurture believes it is our environment and experiences. Bowlby focuses on the evolutionary argument for attachment. Bowlby’s theory can beRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 PagesEarly social development is the study of the development of persons from infancy to adulthood. Research is conducted into how childhood experiences affect people’s development in later life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowlby defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to one another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (PsychologistworldRead MoreEssay on Psychology1023 Words   |  5 Pages†¢behaviourism-the study of behaviour in an objective way. †¢social learning theory/cognitive behaviourism †¢attachment theory †¢evolutionary theory †¢behavioural genetics †¢Piaget’s theory of cognitive development †¢Erikson’s theory †¢developmental systems Define and describe the following research methods †¢correlational study †¢experimental study †¢cross sectional study †¢longitudinal study Study Questions 1. Define cohort and briefly summarize at least one major differenceRead MoreThe Development Of Attachment Theory1336 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will look at the development of attachment theory since the time of Bowlby and the many theories proposed to determine which best describes attachment. The Attachment theory highlights the importance of attachment especially between mothers and infants in regards to the infants personal development, both physically and emotionally. Bowlby describes attachment as â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings†(Bowlby, 1969, p.194). Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that mothersRead MoreThe Debate Of Nature Vs Nurture1445 Words   |  6 Pagesperspectives and theories from the behaviourist and biological approaches and the objective of this assignment is to discuss the importance of attachment in human development. To do this we can make reference to the case of Genie who suffered severe neglect as a child. B ehaviourism was first introduced by John Watson who opposed the naturists and took the view that the mind is there to be manipulated through conditioning methods and so attachments are learned. However there are theories and studies whichRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1336 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental psychology is viewed as different approaches which aims to look at how children and adults develop. Theories such as Bowlby s attachment theory can explain how a child s development can be altered by their attachment, thus leading to the ideology of the nature vs nurture debate, nature referring to the process of biological maturation while nurture is referring to the impact of the environment or surroundings, which involves the idea that a person learns through experiences. (McLeodRead MorePsychology: Attachment Theory2561 Words   |  11 PagesPsychology - Attachment Revision What is Attachment?:- â€Å"Attachment is the close bond between two people which endures over time and leads to certain behaviors such as proximity seeking, clinging and distress on separation, These behaviors serve the function of protecting an infant† Exam Question 1: ‘Explain Bowlby’s theory of attachment?’ (For top marks, mention: Social releasers, Sensitive Period, Montropy, internal model and the continuity hypothesis): * â€Å"Bowlby’s theory of attachment is an evolutionaryRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesThe attachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreSecure Attachment Relationship Between Young Children And Their Families898 Words   |  4 PagesSecure Attachment Relationship The mother is usually the first and primary object of attachment for an infant, but in many cultures, babies become just as attached to their fathers, siblings, and grandparents. When infants are attached to their caregivers, they gain a secure base from which babies can explore their environment and a haven of safety to return to when they are afraid. Attachment begins with physical touching and cuddling between infant and parent. Some babies become secure or insecureRead More To what extent and in what ways are people ?fixed? and ?open to change1567 Words   |  7 Pages Charles Darwin was not only a pioneer in evolutionary psychology, also today’s theories of modern lifespan development draw on and are influenced by Darwin’s ideas. His functionalist perspective primarily focused on the reason for development of specific human characteristics over many generations, and therefore an enormously long timescale. However, inspired by the observations in the development h is own son, Darwin also acknowledged that â€Å"an individual is the result of a gradual sequence of prior

The Benefits Of The Health Care System - 849 Words

The AAC provides services for men/women based on their individuals needs dealing with substance abuse and mental issues. In addition, AAC offers service not only for the individual, but family therapy, on-site intensive workshops, and individualized addiction plans. Equally important, the addition plans are customized, according to the individual’s seriousness of addiction coupled with the presences of co-occurring mental health disorder. Last, the programs offered are CARF Accredited facilities Research-based therapy services, such as 12-Step based Experienced, qualified staff with Co-Occurring care (Dual Diagnosis), and Wellness-focused therapeutic services. The referral system necessitates services through clinical evaluation†¦show more content†¦For the most part, an the complimentary pre-admissions assessment determines the level of care needed for treatment. In addition, clients are involved in the development of their treatment plans, with a foundational perspective of a supportive atmosphere of dignity and respect. â€Å"To clarify, facts have shown that CODs associate with a compulsive substance abuse behavior and the severity of resistance of treatment are predictors of failure or underachievement† (Najt, Fusar-Poli, Brambilla, 2011). The Cornerstone of Recovery is a fully licensed substance abuse and co-occurring disorder treatment center. Not to mention, providing services to treat addiction and co-occurring disorders, and offer customized programs and services focused on individualized treatment plans for every patient. Last, the Cornerstone of Recovery Center provides professional and caring services, with a passion for helping addicts, alcoholics, and their families. For the most part, arrangements are made through the AO Unit, who completes the initial intake for individuals. 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Enhancing Care Standards and Application - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Enhancing Care Standards and Application. Answer: Introduction: This journal article elaborates the need for nursing research and the role it plays in enhancing better care standards and application for the affected patients and their families. The author is trying to illustrate how the research helps the nurses to know how to relate to the parents in a manner that reduces the undue stress that might come in due to the unfolding conditions. It helps them relate well with the patient and parents during the last few moments of life by making them opportunistic (Townsend, 2014). She then continues to expound how that feeling of making someone feel awesome in his or her last moments of life is good and you feel valued.in the several years of her duty she realizes that something they did before the evidence were done in the wrong way and found out the most appropriate ways. The main audience is the nurses and the physicians. The main aim is to motivate nurses to do more research so as to provide the best care standards and applications thereby saving lives and getting patients more healthy. She also talks about the need for nurses to work with the research team and biomedical engineers in their projects so that they find suitable equipment for the children (McNiff, 2016). Strengths The author has used an empathetic, enthusiastic and encouraging tone to illustrate how the nurses should interact with the patients and their families. The author is very objective while emphasizing on the significance of this article on the interaction between the nurses, patients and their families. The author has enhanced credibility in the article by providing clear facts and evidences that are significant to better health care facilities. Weaknesses The author has portrayed some sort of fallacious and overrated reasoning by trying to elaborate the kind of struggle nurses go through in their education. This website article illustrates the significance of engaging in nursing research, evidence-based practice to bring out quality improvement by changing previous procedures and adjusting protocols. The intended audience for this article is the perioperative nurses whereby they should identify a clinical dilemma, get appropriate literature that provides the best solution and puts the findings into practice. In case of a gap conduct feasible research and review the evidence occasionally and finally evaluate the outcome. For the perioperative nurses to ensure quality patient care they have to adjust their protocols and procedures through consistent reviews and evaluation (DiCenso, Guyatt, Ciliska, 2014). If after the reviews the outcome is still not as expected then they should consider comparing it with another source of literature which may be of help hence the process of continuous monitoring and review. The main aim of this article is to illustrate how perioperative nurses engage in nursing research to generate new ideologies that are useful in taking care of patients and bringing the best out of them worldwide (Parahoo, 2014). It also targets the people to embrace and give room for putting the evidence from the literature into practice. Strengths The author has used an informative and inspirational tone to explain the quality facts and evidence on how the nurses should engage in the research and use the existing literature for prolonged commitment. The author has enhanced integrity and feasibility in his statements by providing clear statements on how the nurses should engage in continuous monitoring and review for quality improvement in their practice. The author used a diplomatic tone to present a clear purpose of the article in the introduction. Weaknesses The author has engaged in some fallacious reasoning in some sections of the article which is very shallow for example how the nurses should react to cases that are not available in the existing literature. The author has used a very depressing way of presenting the facts in the article which leads becomes frustrating to the reader. Bibliography DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014). Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. McNiff, J. (2016). You and your action research project. Routledge. Parahoo, K.. (2014). Nursing research: principles, process, and issues. Palgrave Macmillan. Townsend, M. C. (2014). Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis.

The Knights Templar

The Knights Templar is believed to be a religious military order that carried out its activities for approximately two centuries during the Middle Ages. The order, which grew rapidly in membership and power, had numerous different names and its members had numerous other titles. This Western Christian military order began as a small gathering of monks. As the order increased its membership across the European countries, its members were required to live certain lifestyles as Templars.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Knights Templar specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The order was mainly active from 1119 to 1314 and it received a blessing from the Pope in around 1129. The members of the order wore white mantles with a red cross and they were mainly involved in combat during the crusades. Its influence was felt throughout Christendom and non-combatant members of the order invested heavily in other sectors of the economy. This highly secretive organization had a role to offer protection to the pilgrims who were going to the Holy Land. The first crusade, which took place in 1099, made the city of Jerusalem to be detained. Thereafter, several religious pilgrimages were made to visit the Holy Places. As much as Jerusalem was safely guarded, the rest of the Outremer region was not since many pilgrims were robbed and murdered as they attempted to make their journey to the Holy Land. Following these threats, around 1119, the French knight Hugues de Payens and his next of kin Godfrey de Saint-Omer, decided to form a secret society to protect the pilgrims. When the veterans of the first crusade presented this proposal to King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, he allowed them to create the monastic order. They then established their headquarters at Al Alqsa Mosque, on Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, which was thought to be the ruins of the Temple of the Old Testament King Solomon. Because of this, the order was called the â€Å"Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon,† or â€Å"Templar† knights (Ralls, 147). When the organization began, it had only nine members and they were highly dependant on donations for carrying out of their activities. The activities of the members were confined to the vows of poverty, chastity, and allegiance to the Grand Master or president, and besides their typical dressing style, they wore chainmail while in battle (Williams, 104). They fearlessly fought many battles, for example, against the Saracens, in defense of what they believed in. The poor status that the warrior monks were living in did not continue for a long time. One of the relatives of the founding knights, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, managed to convince the Pope about its activities and the Church endorsed it in 1129. After this formal blessing, the Templars were now assured of the favor from the church. Therefore, it started to recruit more members and many people gave d onations to assist the warrior monks in protecting the pilgrims. Other kings also favored the Templars, for example, King Alfonso of Argon gave them thirty-three percent of his Spanish Empire before he died and in 1139, Pope Innocent II freed them from allegiance to the local rules. Since it had a clear objective and vast amount of resources, the influence of the Templars grew tremendously.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Templars owned land in various places across Europe and some joined them with the intention of getting rich. However, some people criticized them. The critics felt that their merciless killing of many individuals was not in line with Christian morals. Most of their meetings were held in secret and no one knew what transpired during these meetings. As the second crusade was about to take place, the Templars was the main army on the Christian side and they received s upport from all over Christendom. They bravely battled against the Muslim group called the Assassins, who fought more mercilessly than they did. As the battle continued, Christians were being defeated and in 1187, at the battle of Hattin, Islamic troops organized under Saladin greatly defeated the outnumbered Christians. After this defeat, the Templars were compelled to relocate to other cities. Some went to Acre and some fled to Limassol. They then decided to leave fighting and engage in other activities. They owned houses, carried out banking services to the travelers who feared being robbed, and escorted travelers using their fleets of ships. The order started to involve in politics where they served in various capacities in royal committees and councils. The responsibility of the order was split: towards the east, they still protected the pilgrims, and towards the west, they took other jobs. Thus, the Knights Templars increased in wealth and power. This is what is thought to hav e led to their dissolution. It is believed that the organization had great secrets, which could have greatly destabilized Christianity if they had been known. Others think that they possessed some great relic such as the crown of thorns, which Jesus wore on the cross, and the head of John the Baptist. It is unknown whether they truly possessed the artifacts. Philip IV of France envied the wealth of the order and he designed ways of eliminating the Templars (Steiner and Jonas, 54). Since he did not want to pay for a loan he had taken from them, he falsely accused them of treason, obscene rituals, homosexuality, heresy, and other crimes (Dafoe, para.14).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Knights Templar specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the charges were brought before Pope Clement V, because of Philip’s influence in the church, he allowed him to eliminate the members of the order. As the situation wor sened, on Friday, October 13 1307 (a day presently considered unlucky) Philip ordered for the arrest and detention of the Templars. Philip took control of most of their infrastructure. When the leader of the Templars, Jaques de Molay, was arrested and arraigned before a large multitude, he denounced all the confessions he had made earlier. On March 18, 1314, the last Grand Master was burnt alive and with his last words, he cursed the individuals who were responsible for his death. Within a year, both Philip IV and Pope Clement V. had passed on. The pope ordered the relocation of the wealth of the Templars to one of their rival orders, the order of Hospitallers. As the order of the Templars was dissolved, many of its members were absorbed by the order of Hospitallers. Currently, it is thought that the Templars are existing under another name. From the early eighteenth century, the Freemasons are believed to have incorporated a number of the Knights Templars symbols and ritual practic es. Many of these are present within a Masonic body called by other different names. This group currently functions either autonomously or as a component of the York Rite in most parts of the world. Works Cited Dafoe, Stephen.†Who were the Knights Templar.† TemplarHistory.com. 31 March 2010. Web. http://blog.templarhistory.com/2010/03/who-were-the-knights-templar-2/ Ralls, Karen. Knights Templar encyclopedia : the essential guide to the people, places, events, and symbols of the Order of the Temple. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books, 2007. Print. Steiner, Rudolf, and Margaret Jonas. The Knights Templar : the mystery of the warrior monks. Forest Row: Rudolf Steiner Press, 2007. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Williams, Paul L. The complete idiot’s guide to the crusades. Indianapolis, Ind.: Alpha, 2002. Print. This essay on The Knights Templar was written and submitted by user Deborah Yates to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.